Research for Environmental Changes

The In Situ Automated Instruments for Measuring Particulate Water-Soluble Ions [ 下載 PDF ]

Shih-Yu Chang, Chung-Te Lee

In this article, the measuring principles and methods of different in situ instruments for particulate water-soluble ions were reviewed. Time variations of long-range transport pollutants, secondary particle concentrations, and the effects of typhoons on air quality were taken as examples to demonstrate the application of the in situ measuring technique on the environmental pollution studies.

Stable Metal Isotopes and Global Environmental Changes [ 下載 PDF ]

Der-Chuen Lee, Shun-Chun Yang, Shing-Lin Wang

Experimental protocols for the Cd and Zn double spike methods, combined with MC-ICPMS isotopic measurements have been set up, in order to study the stable isotopic variations of Cd and Zn in the South China Sea, as well as the seawater surrounding the Taiwan area. This in turn may potentially offer better constraints about the sources and sinks, or the physical and chemical evolution of Cd and Zn in the seawater around these areas, and ultimately their connections to the global environmental changes.

Recent Advances of Paleoclimate Study and New Technique [ 下載 PDF ]

K. Selvaraj, S. J. Kao

Human have changed the climate before fully understanding the mechanism of climate dynamics. More frequent flood/drought disasters urge the importance of a full swing climate change research all over the world. This paper mainly introduces the recent advances in paleoclimate study, its urgent needs and the potential contribution from the application of novel techniques on various kinds of natural archives.

3-D Scanning LIDAR [ 下載 PDF ]

Chih-Wei Chiang, Subrata Kumar Das, Huang-Shih Liao, Jan-Bai Nee

The population and economic growth have resulted in a profound deterioration of air quality. Neverthless, there is very less effort to monitor and understand the air pollution on different scales both spatially and temporally. In this paper, we overview the remote sensing details along with the newly developed 3-D scanning LIDAR system, designed for the information of temporal and spatial variability of atmospheric pollutants which is lacking in passive ground-based measurement. This technique will strengthen the capability of the environmental monitoring.

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Dip-Pen Nanolithography for Sensor Applications [ 下載 PDF ]

Hui-Hsin Lu, Chia-Jen Yeh, Chii-Wann Lin

Dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) is an atomic force microscope (AFM)-based nanofabrication. The unique characteristic of DPN for obtaining the nanopatterns with feature size of sub-100 nm is to combine the high resolution and spatial registry of AFM for direct-writing of soft-materials onto various substrates. Because these molecules of soft materials are forming a self-assemble layer on substrate surface by capillary transport, DPN has been widly applied on different sensor applications. Here we introduce the nanosesnor made by DPN and apply to gas and biomolecule sensing.

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In Situ Surface Analysis by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy in Electrochemical Systems [ 下載 PDF ]

Yung-Fang Liu, Yaw-Chia Yang, Yuh-Lang Lee

In addition to performing surface analysis in ambient condition and electrolyte solution, electrochemicalscanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM) can apply a bias to the sample to provide the potential required for an electrochemical reaction, as well as explore the electrochemical properties of the surface. Therefore, this instrument can in situ monitor the surface morphology of an electrode during an electrochemical reaction. This article introduces the adsorption behaviors of thiol molecules on Au(111) surfaces, electrodeposition of Au monolayer on a thiol-modified Pt(111) electrode, and the structures of organic semiconductors self-assembled on Au(111) by using the EC-STM. Furthermore, the electronic properties of the molecular monolayers were also investigated by the scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) of this instrument.

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Application of Rapid Mold Surface Temperature Control System on High Precise Micro-Featured Injection Molding [ 下載 PDF ]

Shia-Chung Chen, Jen-An Chung

In the micro-featured injection molding process, mold temperature would directly affect the shrinkage, warpage and residual stress. Although high mold temperature could assist melt-flow within micro-featured cavity, reduce molding pressure and improve the replication accuracy, the long cycle time also leads to high production cost. Therefore, rapid mold temperature control to achieve micro molding quality without significant increase in cycle time is one of the important concerns. In this paper, the principle and usage of electromagnetic induction to achieve the rapid mold surface temperature control including system establishment is introduced. Its successful applications to molding light guide plate with micro-feature design on both sides and high aspect ratio micro molding are also illustrated.

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Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry [ 下載 PDF ]

Ching-Ming Chen, Ren-Jye Lee, Maw-Rong Lee

Orbitrap mass spectrometry is a new mass technique for high resolution mass spectrometry discovered recently. The gas ion will have a special radius and frequency via high electrostatic force when it moves in the orbitrap. The frequency in Z axis has a mathematical relationship with m/z. The accurate mass of each ion can be measured after the frequency is transformed with Fourier transform equation. Due to the advantages of low background noise, high sensitivity, high mass accuracy, wide dynamic range and easy use, the orbitrap mass spectrometry has been largely applied in biological analysis. This paper will introduce the theory and instrumental structure of orbitrap mass spectrometer. The applications of orbitrap mass spectrometry in the proteomics, chemical structure identification of small molecules, drug and environmental analysis are also reviewed.

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Application of Biological Self-Detection and Response- Induced Features of Drug Delivery System on Chronic Disease: An Empirical Study on Epilepsy [ 下載 PDF ]

Chi-Sheng Hsiao, San-Yuan Chen

This study investigates the biological self-detection and response-induced features of drug delivery system and its application on chronic disease. Based on an empirical study on epilepsy, this study focuses on the development of an intelligent rapid response drug delivery system. The nanostructured composite of the intelligent carrier in the system is highly sensitive to electromagnetic signals that assimilate to the properties of illness from human body. The instantaneous epileptic discharge can be detected through the signal conversion into electric or magnetic, and these signals will activate the phasic or structural change of the intelligent nanostructured composite to release drugs accordingly. This mechanism is applicable as a therapy for similar chronic diseases.

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Embedded Automatic Image Signal-to-Noise Ratio Measurement System [ 下載 PDF ]

Chien-Hung Chen, Chia-Wei Hsu, Yu-Chuan Lin, Tai-Shan Liao

The automatic signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurement system was carried out in this research. The embedded system and customized design were also integrated in this system. The automatic SNR measurement system consists of a NI CompactRIO Embedded system, parameters of integrating board control, a light source feedback and a data display. The NI CompactRIO embedded system can control and measure several parameters which include light source, image data, as well as SNR data. The article also introduces the system structure, design, and measurement results that we hope providing those information for more applications in related industries.